Kenneth MacKinnons Masculinity in the Movies

Introduction Masculinity power dominated the movie industry during the late 20th century. The movie industry used masculinity to depict heroism since many film stars such as Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bruce Willis, and many others were male. â€Å"The stress in these movies on physical size, strength, and the ability to use violence effectively suggested that masculine identity was being linked with the use of the body as an instrument of power and control†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mackinnon 290).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kenneth MacKinnon‘s ‘Masculinity in the Movies’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The dominance of male stars in the movies and depiction of heroism from a masculine perspective has shaped perception of masculinity in the Western culture. To prop his argument, Kenneth Mackinnon analyzed movie genres, specific movies, and the film stars that provide vast evidences, which support the diversity of masculinity images that have shaped masculine identity in the Western culture over a long period. Movie Genres The action movies such as Raiders of the Lost Ark, Terminator, Die Hard, amongst other popular action movies promoted heroism by relying upon physical strength and power of masculinity. Action movies focus on the heroic abilities of the actors while overlooking issues of feminism, romance, marriage, and family. Mackinnon argues that, â€Å"if love for the family and female partners in romance is demonstrated and supported, that sort of love is less emotional engaging than the hero’s feelings for his sidekick† (291). In the action movies, heroic activities are paramount in that, other actions or feminine issues just complement the scope of the movie relative to reality. James Bond and John Rambo’s movies tend to portray that femininity affects masculinity, and thus weakens the status of heroism. When James Bond involved a w oman in his movie, his heroic ability weakened as he sidelined heroic activities and focused on pleasure. John Rambo on the other hand limited his contact with women by staying in isolation to concentrate on the masculine powers that define Western heroism. In war films, male dominance reflects characteristics of competent soldiers with heroic qualities. The armed forces train boys to become soldiers by isolating them from females and making them undergo rigorous training that increases their masculinity to differentiate them from femininity. Typical soldier must focus on acquiring heroic skills and avoid external influences that are distractive. Slasher and Illness movies portray that masculinity is more vulnerable to violence and AIDS respectively as compared to femininity; hence, males experience many cases of death.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sports and comedy movies further illustrate the ideal masculinity in terms of fatherhood. Field of Dreams movie is not simply about baseball, â€Å"it involves a return to ideal fatherhood †¦the currently devalued father must be reclaimed, together with his caring life-giving power if men are to regain their potential† (Mackinnon 296). The New Bad Future movie shifts the idea of masculinity into the use of machines and technology. These movies tend to show masculinity as having the ability to tame and control the universe. Pornographic movies idealize men and present them as erotic objects of heterosexuality. Specific Movies The movie, Born on the Fourth of July by Don Kunz presents masculinity in terms of traditional gendered roles of Vietnamese. The movie illustrates how masculine attitudes permeate cultural, political, and religious spheres thus shaping the domination of masculinity in the society. â€Å"The pre-Vietnam portion indicates the binary oppositions on which traditional masculini ty seems to rest: to win, others must be losers; to live, others must die; to be a man, others must be women or feminized† (Mackinnon 300). The Vietnamese traditions defined the gendered roles that enhanced masculinity and debased femininity. Dead Ringers by David Cronenberg describes hysterical expressions of men in respond to phallic panic while the Crying Game by Neil Jordan describes the identity of masculinity in terms of sex and politics. The Crying Game depicts how the patriarchy demands femininity to be weak to be dependent on strong masculinity, which gives support. Richard Coward in The Full Monty movie presents revolution of masculinity in the view of millennium. The movie describes the reversed roles of masculinity because â€Å"†¦men’s roles, particularly in the context of large-scale male redundancy †¦ have embarked on a new career as strippers for female audiences, and they have learned that their one asset is the ability to sell their bodies ( Mackinnon 301). The movie predicts how independent woman influences gender revolution and threatens masculinity. Ransom by Krin Gabard elevates Western masculinity by illustrating that a hero cannot marry or become a family man because it reduces autonomy that befits heroes. The ability of a man to resist marriage and become independent defines masculinity and heroism in Western culture. Film Stars Warren Betty is a film star who has contradicting gender perceptions. Although he presents qualities of masculinity, he is very much appealing to femininity. His incoherent stand has made him more of feminine than masculine implying that masculinity can have orientations of femininity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kenneth MacKinnon‘s ‘Masculinity in the Movies’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clink Eastwood is another film star who portrays extra-cinematic masculinity activities. â€Å"Eastwood is often presented in terms of masochistic object, not only suffering pain and humiliation, but also constituting an object of the gaze – his naked walk nearly the length of the penitentiary close to the beginning of Escape from Alcatraz† (Mackinnon 303). Since Eastwood distanced himself from his family, he is depicting an element of heroism in masculinity. Recent film stars still illustrate ideal qualities of masculinity. In the Movie American Psycho, Patrick Bateman is a serial killer, a wandering and homeless dude, with erotic relationship with women who are his victims. â€Å"He has constructed himself out of glossy men’s magazines, regarding himself as an expert in the male fashion, grooming, restaurants and the music† (Mackinnon 308). He represents masculinity perceptions of the Westerners. In the Billy Elliot movie, Jamie Bell did not follow his ambition of becoming a ballet dancer lest he become less masculine or feminized because the loss of masc ulinity relates to homosexuality. His parents discourage him from becoming a ballet dancer, which changes his view of masculinity. This implies that traditional stereotypes of masculinity shape culture. Conclusion Kenneth Mackinnon’s masculinity in the movies’ underscores how masculinity in movies has changed not only the Western culture, but also all cultures around the world. To prove his argument, Mackinnon explored diverse genres of movies, specific movies and the characters of the film stars. Although masculinity dominated during 1960s and 1970s, femininity issues did rise in 1980s that saw emergence of call for gender equality. For many years, masculinity has been dominating movie images but currently, there seems to be an equal depiction of femininity and masculinity in the society. The technological advances have enabled women to perform activities hitherto reserved for men only. Works Cited MacKinnon, Kenneth. â€Å"Introduction to Communication Studies.† Masculinity in the  Movies, (n.d): 289-311. This essay on Kenneth MacKinnon‘s ‘Masculinity in the Movies’ was written and submitted by user Zackary L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Molecular Equation Definition in Chemistry

Molecular Equation Definition in Chemistry A molecular equation is a balanced chemical equation in which the ionic compounds are expressed as molecules instead of component ions. Examples One example of a molecular formula is: KNOMolecular Versus Ionic Equations For a reaction involving ionic compounds, there are three types of equations that can be written: molecular equations, complete ionic equations, and net ionic equations. All of these equations have their place in chemistry. A molecular equation is valuable because it shows exactly what substances were used in a reaction. A complete ionic equation shows all the ions in a solution, while a net ionic equation shows only the ions that participate in a reaction to form products. For example, in the reaction between sodium chloride (NaCl) and silver nitrate (AgNO3), the molecular equation is: NaCl(aq) AgNOThe complete ionic equation is: NaThe net ionic equation is written by canceling out the species that appear on both sides of the complete ionic equation and thus dont contribute to the reaction. For this example, the net ionic equation is: Ag

April Greiman

After acknowledging her great interest in art, she applied to several art schools and was accepted into the Kansas City Art Institute where she received a BFA in Graphic Design. Later on, with the influence of the principles of Modernism and exploration of technology, she continued her education by enrolling in a graduate program at the Basel School of Design in Switzerland. The experience and skills she gained from her educational background allowed her to explore the aesthetics of a computerized world, the art of digital design and visual communication. Around the mid-1970s, Greiman decided to explore a different environment from New York and moved to Los Angeles, California where she started her own design business known as â€Å"Made in Space, Inc. †. Greiman is recognized as a pioneer in computerized design, her style is based on the exploration of words, images and the usage of color in space by combining art with modern technology. She was highly inspired by the landscape of the Death Valley; A landscape that continues to inspire her work and change the way she analyzes dimensions, objects and color. Her style is often seen as American Postmodernism with an influence of Swiss design coming from her educational background. Because of her work and style, April Greiman has been recognized for her potential in utilizing computers as an innovative medium to transform the art world. Around 1980s, Greiman took a risk and decided to support and explore the initiative proposed by Macintosh of using computer design. This new genre in art quickly confirmed Greiman’s position as the pioneer of visual communication and design. Her eagerness to learn and explore this new medium is what has gotten her the respect and appreciation for her work. Her ability to engage the audience and embrace spaces by providing a floating effect to her work, combining architecture and typographic forms allowed her to become one of the most prominent icons in the design world. In 1982, April Greiman was selected head of the design department at the California Institute of the Arts. Throughout her time in CalArts, she focused on her role as an educator and the importance of transforming design. Greiman was able to take advantage of the state of the art equipment that was provided by the institution and began to combine video and media images in her work. Her input in this field and her accomplishments successfully gave her the opportunity to make this department more focused in a variety of ideas other than design renaming this field as visual communication. The popularity and recognition April Greiman gained over the years is mostly because of of her creativity, experience working with graphics and implementation of visual communication with the use of technological devices. As an Artist and educator, she has been able to work in a number of posters and websites for her clientele, she is the author of several design books including Hybrid Imagery: The Fusion of Technology and Graphic Design and Something from Nothing. She is such a great inspiration for young artists and designers that her work has been exhibited in important institutions such as the Museum of Modern Art, the Walker Art Center, the School of Visual Arts, the Pasadena Museum of California Art,among others. In addition, Greiman has been awarded numerous honors that include: the American Institute of Graphic Arts’Gold Medal, a Chrysler Design Award and also Hallmark Corporation’s Hall Chair Fellowship. Greiman is well known for her work Does it make sense? a piece accepted by the Design Quarterly magazine from which she became the guest artist. This piece became a 3Ãâ€"6 poster that unfolded and was specifically done only in computer design. This piece contained the image of her nude self-portrait, containing various typographic effects and symbols throughout. This work completely pushed boundaries and forced artists to ethink the capacity for computers to make an impact in the art world and communication. In this sense, her work completely challenged the original and traditional notions of the magazine and of art by combining text with image, and expanding a new world of imagination and creativity for the upcoming generations following her steps. Hand holding a bowl of ri ce is an important addition to her work, it is a public art commission located in korea town, Los Angeles, CA. This piece was done in two walls of a building, the image is the screen shot of a video footage shot by Greiman, the image was later translated into oil paint. This piece clearly encompasses her style in dimension, usage of color and placement of objects. The art work was made to honor rice as an important symbol of abundance in the Asian culture. â€Å"I see everything as an object in space†¦when web design came into the realm of possibilities†¦I was already looking at it as spatial media† -AG In addition to the public art and other installations, Greiman is also known by her work with photography and her exhibition of Drive by Shooting strictly digital photography. This exhibition is made up of images that Greiman began to take over the years while driving her car. The exploration of this aspect of photography sparked the importance of nature and detail, the interaction of the lens with the moving environment, the experimentation of light, form, texture, and the ability to manipulate and create a spatial astonishing experience through digital work. April Greiman’s work continues to expand with her collaboration with architects in the design of spaces. Miracle Manor a well known spa located in California, is the perfect representation of her creativity and exploration of the design principles. After a long and successful career under her belt, Greiman continues her great vision of design with the interaction in a diversity of environments. As an important and well known designer, Greiman has the experience of working for important institutions such as the US Postal service, Aol/Time Warner in addition to Microsoft. The support and respect from such important companies and her development as a successful and more knowledgeable artist is what keeps her passion for design strong and strengthens her position as a pioneer in the graphic design world. April Greiman After acknowledging her great interest in art, she applied to several art schools and was accepted into the Kansas City Art Institute where she received a BFA in Graphic Design. Later on, with the influence of the principles of Modernism and exploration of technology, she continued her education by enrolling in a graduate program at the Basel School of Design in Switzerland. The experience and skills she gained from her educational background allowed her to explore the aesthetics of a computerized world, the art of digital design and visual communication. Around the mid-1970s, Greiman decided to explore a different environment from New York and moved to Los Angeles, California where she started her own design business known as â€Å"Made in Space, Inc. †. Greiman is recognized as a pioneer in computerized design, her style is based on the exploration of words, images and the usage of color in space by combining art with modern technology. She was highly inspired by the landscape of the Death Valley; A landscape that continues to inspire her work and change the way she analyzes dimensions, objects and color. Her style is often seen as American Postmodernism with an influence of Swiss design coming from her educational background. Because of her work and style, April Greiman has been recognized for her potential in utilizing computers as an innovative medium to transform the art world. Around 1980s, Greiman took a risk and decided to support and explore the initiative proposed by Macintosh of using computer design. This new genre in art quickly confirmed Greiman’s position as the pioneer of visual communication and design. Her eagerness to learn and explore this new medium is what has gotten her the respect and appreciation for her work. Her ability to engage the audience and embrace spaces by providing a floating effect to her work, combining architecture and typographic forms allowed her to become one of the most prominent icons in the design world. In 1982, April Greiman was selected head of the design department at the California Institute of the Arts. Throughout her time in CalArts, she focused on her role as an educator and the importance of transforming design. Greiman was able to take advantage of the state of the art equipment that was provided by the institution and began to combine video and media images in her work. Her input in this field and her accomplishments successfully gave her the opportunity to make this department more focused in a variety of ideas other than design renaming this field as visual communication. The popularity and recognition April Greiman gained over the years is mostly because of of her creativity, experience working with graphics and implementation of visual communication with the use of technological devices. As an Artist and educator, she has been able to work in a number of posters and websites for her clientele, she is the author of several design books including Hybrid Imagery: The Fusion of Technology and Graphic Design and Something from Nothing. She is such a great inspiration for young artists and designers that her work has been exhibited in important institutions such as the Museum of Modern Art, the Walker Art Center, the School of Visual Arts, the Pasadena Museum of California Art,among others. In addition, Greiman has been awarded numerous honors that include: the American Institute of Graphic Arts’Gold Medal, a Chrysler Design Award and also Hallmark Corporation’s Hall Chair Fellowship. Greiman is well known for her work Does it make sense? a piece accepted by the Design Quarterly magazine from which she became the guest artist. This piece became a 3Ãâ€"6 poster that unfolded and was specifically done only in computer design. This piece contained the image of her nude self-portrait, containing various typographic effects and symbols throughout. This work completely pushed boundaries and forced artists to ethink the capacity for computers to make an impact in the art world and communication. In this sense, her work completely challenged the original and traditional notions of the magazine and of art by combining text with image, and expanding a new world of imagination and creativity for the upcoming generations following her steps. Hand holding a bowl of ri ce is an important addition to her work, it is a public art commission located in korea town, Los Angeles, CA. This piece was done in two walls of a building, the image is the screen shot of a video footage shot by Greiman, the image was later translated into oil paint. This piece clearly encompasses her style in dimension, usage of color and placement of objects. The art work was made to honor rice as an important symbol of abundance in the Asian culture. â€Å"I see everything as an object in space†¦when web design came into the realm of possibilities†¦I was already looking at it as spatial media† -AG In addition to the public art and other installations, Greiman is also known by her work with photography and her exhibition of Drive by Shooting strictly digital photography. This exhibition is made up of images that Greiman began to take over the years while driving her car. The exploration of this aspect of photography sparked the importance of nature and detail, the interaction of the lens with the moving environment, the experimentation of light, form, texture, and the ability to manipulate and create a spatial astonishing experience through digital work. April Greiman’s work continues to expand with her collaboration with architects in the design of spaces. Miracle Manor a well known spa located in California, is the perfect representation of her creativity and exploration of the design principles. After a long and successful career under her belt, Greiman continues her great vision of design with the interaction in a diversity of environments. As an important and well known designer, Greiman has the experience of working for important institutions such as the US Postal service, Aol/Time Warner in addition to Microsoft. The support and respect from such important companies and her development as a successful and more knowledgeable artist is what keeps her passion for design strong and strengthens her position as a pioneer in the graphic design world.

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Reaction paper - Essay Example The justice system of the Third Reich was infamous in its trial less execution of the unwanted peoples as a Final Solution. The creation of concentration camps ensured that these people were taken down efficiently – their bodies were scavenged for hair and their physical labour was employed to accomplish war tasks. Once these people were unable to support themselves for basic daily tasks it was simple for them to be classified as unwanted. These unwanted people were subsequently subjected to gas chambers after which their bodies were burnt. David Cole like other revisionists tries to underpin this major truth by presenting evidence that can hardly be used to stake any claim. In most other cases, Cole is presenting refutations of evidence presented to support the holocaust theory. The absence of mass graves could result simply from the fact that the bodies were burned in order to dispose of them efficiently. These burnt corpses served as excellent fertiliser and there was no need to bury them or to be concerned of diseases spreading from rotting corpses. The unaccounted for souls in the Second World War were not only Jews, Poles or other races but human beings first and

Management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management plan - Essay Example Quitting is never a good decision pertaining to this case; rather she can opt for a better opportunity. A winner never quits and he or she has to march towards their goal facing all the hurdles in life. Not all the organizations will have the same problem. But at this time she should develop an attitude to manage with the difficulties in the institution created by the higher officials. Since her educational status is primary requirement, she should enquire about different schools which can provide distance learning programs or evening colleges which will offer her the required degree. So that she does not loose the experience in the work and also completes her course in the ordained time. In this present case she has to learn to cope up with the present situation of the organization. Parallel to this she should make every effort to look for an alternate; she should be prepared in mind not to look for rewards or recognition since she cannot get what she expects in this organization. The time taken for accomplishing things for the decision she made will includes time taken to shift to a new job (Full time or part-time) and as well as to complete her degree. a. The decision made will be evaluated on the outcomes of the decision. With reference to her situation it is obvious that she should make a decision with minimal risk or no risk.

Has the lottery replaced the government in the funding of education Essay Example for Free

Has the lottery replaced the government in the funding of education Essay The overarching aims of education underlie the construction of the curriculum and funding. Education, in the broader sense, aims to develop the individual, to enlarge a child’s knowledge, experience and imaginative understanding, and thus his awareness of moral values and capacity for enjoyment and also to enable the child to take his place in society. The school education on the other hand, has the aim to provide opportunities for all pupils to learn and achieve, to promote spiritual, moral, social and cultural development and to prepare pupils for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of life. Consider the school of the late 20th century. It has not changed a whole lot in the last fifty years or so. Isolated from the rest of the world except for one or two school-business partnerships. Working at the edges of the school, these partnerships attempt to provide students with some insight into the working world or give some marginal discretionary resources for the principal to use. The resources are used on one of a multitude of unrelated programs that the school has set up to cope with the problems that society has dumped on the school. The school itself has created barriers that shelter and isolate it from the work of the world that goes on around it. The technological innovations that are pervasive in the business world have yet to penetrate the classrooms except for a single computer in each classroom that the teacher barely knows how to use. Few business people, even the partners, ever come to school; those who do are shocked by the conditions they find and by the discipline problems with which teachers must contend. Still they are comforted by the fact that school feels pretty much like it did when they went to school. On the other hand, the quality of services on a university campus is one thing; to measure the quality of manufactured goods is another matter. Chubb, J. and Moe, T. takes this further and says that a service cannot be objectively measured. Such frustration stems from the difference between services and goods. For example, educational services are intangible and cannot be packaged, displayed or inspected fully by prospective students. Services also have a perishability problem because they cannot be stored for future delivery: when students cut class, the professors time is wasted. Unlike goods, services are difficult to separate from their provider: an academic course is as fascinating or as boring as the professor. There is also a lot of variability in services. For example, the mood of the professor could impinge on his or her tolerance for chatting in class. Services are difficult to standardize. Unlike manufactured goods, services are not as susceptible to strict quality control. With regards to these needs in education, more states are actually looking for fund in order to pursue educational development. Out of 42 states that uses lottery, 24 of it uses the proceeds for school financing aside from the support of the government. In line with this research, the data that describes the 2005 and 2006 development of schools in each state considered. Basically, this paper attempts to identify if the massive lottery practices in each states promotes educational development in terms of funding. The Report  From the previous discussion, The Chicago Reporter found out that the lottery does not supplement school funding, even though the proceeds goes directly the state’s Common School Fund. On the other hand, the South Carolina Education Lottery was approved by constitutional referendum in 2000, and implemented shortly thereafter. In contrast to other education lotteries, the legislation establishing the lottery contains substantive measures to ensure that lottery revenues supplement, rather than replace, general fund tax revenues earmarked for education. Aside from this, the involvement of lottery in funding the schools’ needs show a good advantage as California Performance Review supported the option. California lottery players, retailers and, most importantly, its public schools, all stand to gain from changing state laws that restrict the lotterys ability to increase sales. These changes are not only consistent with the mandated purpose of The Lottery Act as approved by the voters, they represent the only risk-free way to ensure that lottery dollars to education will not actually decrease. In line with this, this paper will evaluate and compare the current development in 46 states in which 24 of it uses the proceeds of lottery to education while the other 22 only uses the support of the government. The Method To determine the current performance of schools in 46 states, the researcher compares the amount of budget between states w/ lottery proceeds used in school funding and states w/o lottery proceeds used in school funding. To determine the difference of budget between these states and the status of development in each school, the researcher conducted an analysis from the data obtained in these 46 states (The distribution of data is shown in the Appendix A) using t-test procedures. From 24 schools that are currently using lottery proceeds, the analysis of their education budget was also compared to their previous years in which lottery proceeds is not being considered (see Appendix B). The use of its mean and coefficient of variation are performed for evaluation of budget.

Grape Growing :: Botany

Grape Growing Plants have been the most important objects which people have borrowed from their neighbors in their business of advancing civilization. All the high civilizations have been built up upon cereal grasses, barley, wheat, rice, and maize. The introduction of the potato from the Andes to the Old World brought a series of major economic and social revolutions, and examples of the same kind are many. But the case of grape-vine, Vitis vinifera, is a special and peculiar one. Its wine is not a necessity of any people's diet, yet it has colonized the greater part of those climatic zones which are congenial to it, and it has done so, very often to the detriment of the people's essential food supplies. There have been three principle forces for this, spleen, religion, and profit. First, the human condition being what it is, only a very small number of very primitive tribes have failed to develop some intoxicant to help man face the facts of life. Poppy juice, toxic fungi, the dried flowers of a coccus, the leaves of coco bush, but neither of them can compare in economic and social importance with alcohol. And the wine of the grape has long been the least concerning medium in which alcohol can be taken and the least liable to dangerous abuse. Secondly, the strange power of intoxicants to release the human spirit from the control of mind led to their being regarded with superstitious awe. Their use became a religious rite and this was the case of wine, as of others. In the sixth century B.C., Orphism gave a new, long and civilized lease of power to the formerly savage and barbarous religion of Dionysus; the use of wine in the rites entered into the later religious of the Mediterranean peoples; and Christianity, by the encharistic use of wine, borrowed from elder cults, carried the religious significance of wine-drinking forward into the two Christian civilizations, the Greek and the Latin. The massive conservation of these two branches of Christianity accomplished what no other social force could have done--maintained the religious attribute of an intoxicant into a sophisticated technological epoch. Thirdly, the cash yield per acre-man-hour of viticulture has nearly always been from three to ten times as great as that from any other kind of fanning or gardening. However, in fact, two forces working against the vine, one natural, the other social, have limited the spread of vineyards even further.